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Where am I now? Lawlink > Law Reform Commission > Publications > Index

Report 98 (2001) - Surveillance: an interim report

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History of this Reference (Digest)


Codes of practice4.32-4.37, R19
Complaints and review procedures 
covert surveillance10.25-10.35, R91-102
employment surveillance10.39-10.51, R106-111
overt surveillance10.36-10.38, R103-105
Computers see also E-mail; Internet1.16, 1.21, 1.37, 1.39, 1.41, 1.43, 2.1, 2.10, 2.15, 2.17, 2.18, 2.39, 2.41 2.43-2.48, 2.69, 2.72-2.74, 2.106, 3.17, 3.23, 3.26, 3.27, 3.38, 3.53, 3.54, 7.18
Covert surveillance 
definition2.2, 2.88, R13
employers, by2.97-2.98, 7.1-7.68
law enforcement officers, by2.91-2.92, 5.1-5.94
material obtained 
  accountability for8.1-8.33, R67-79
  destruction of9.80-9.108, R87
  use of9.1-9.109, R81-87
notifying subject of8.34-8.48, R80
public interest, in the2.93-2.96, 6.1-6.44
Data surveillance 
employers, by2.74-2.76, R8
generally1.43, 2.1, 2.15, 2.18, 2.39, 2.41, 2.44, 2.68-2.73, 3.32-3.40, R3, R6, R7
E-mail see also Computers; Internet2.23, 2.43-2.50, 3.23, 3.24, 3.28
Employment authorisations 
application for, contents of7.63, R63
contents of7.67, R65
factors for grant of7.64-7.66, R64
generally2.97, 2.98
issuing authority7.61, 7.62, R62
performance monitoring7.55, 7.56, R59
permitted purpose7.48-7.54, R58
recreational and meal rooms7.60, R61
retrospective7.68, R66
toilets, showers, change rooms7.57-7.59, R60
Employment surveillance see also Employment authorisations; Performance monitoring 
employee, definition of2.112-2.113
employer, definition of2.112-2.113
employment context, definition of2.108-2.111, R15
expectation of privacy7.43-7.46, 7.57-7.60, R60, R61
covert, objections to7.11-7.14
overt, notice of2.80-2.82, 4.75-4.76, R11, R12
purposes7.4
regulatory framework, current7.15-7.41
types7.5-7.10
Evidence 
illegally obtained, admissibility of9.19-9.45, R83
incidentally obtained9.46-9.50, R84
pre-trial disclosure9.51-9.60
suppression orders9.61-9.68, R85
Freedom of speech see also Media2.57, 2.58, 2.61, 6.16, 6.17
Internet see also Computers; E-mail2.18, 2.43-2.50, 2.106, 3.23, 3.24, 3.28
Law enforcement officers see also Warrants 
surveillance, and2.2, 2.28-2.32, 2.91, 2.92
definition5.20, 5.21, R23
Media see also Freedom of speech 
surveillance, and2.2, 2.56-2.61, 6.12-6.20
Offences 
covert surveillance10.10, R88
overt surveillance10.11-10.16, R89
surveillance by employers10.24, R90
Overt surveillance 
codes of practice4.32-4.37, R19
consent, and2.83-2.85
crime prevention, efficacy in3.71-3.73
definition2.2, 2.78, 2.79, R9
employers, by2.80-2.82, 3.20-3.28, 3.61-3.65, 4.74-4.79, R11, R12
future3.74-3.79
notice requirements2.78-2.82, 4.25-4.29, R10-12, R18
principles2.86-2.87, 4.38-4.40
  acceptable purpose4.44-4.46
  accountability4.50-4.53, R20
  conduct of4.47
  destruction of information4.64-4.66
  identification of surveillance user4.48-4.49
  information, use of4.61
  privacy, reasonable expectation of4.41-4.43
  security4.54-4.60, R21
Privacy Commissioner’s role4.67, 4.73
purposes3.7, 3.8
  collection of material for news and entertainment3.19
  employment3.20-3.28
  people and property, protection of3.9-3.11
  public interest, protection of3.12-3.18
regulation 
  options for3.82-3.99, 4.15-4.24
  recommendations for4.25-4.79, R18-21
Participant monitoring2.99-2.107, R14, Appendix A
Performance monitoring see also Employment surveillance 
Commission’s recommendations4.77-4.79, 7.55, 7.56, R59
definition3.22
problems with3.61-3.65
purposes3.25-3.28
types3.23, 3.24
views in submissions3.66-3.70, 7.55
Privacy 
expectation of1.13, 2.26, 7.43-7.46
media, and6.20
participant monitoring, and2.102, 2.104, 2.107
right to1.4, 1.8-1.12
surveillance, and1.4-1.7, 2.4-2.7, 2.16, 2.26. 2.32
Privacy Commissioner 
Commonwealth8.20-8.22
New South Wales4.67-4.73, 10.27, 10.28, 10.30, 10.31, 10.34, R73-78, R91-100
Private investigators2.2
public interest, and6.21, 6.22
Public and private places2.20-2.27
Public interest see also Public interest authorisations 
definition6.4-6.11, R50, R51
media, and6.12-6.20
private investigators, and6.21, 6.22
private rights, and6.23
Public interest authorisations see also Public interest 
application for 
  contents ofR53
  who may apply6.23, R49
background2.93-2.96, 6.24-6.33
contents of6.39-6.42, R55
factors for grant of6.37, R54
issuing authority6.34-6.36, R52
retrospective6.43, R56
Public interest monitor6.45-6.47
Publication of surveillance information see Use of surveillance information 
Record-keeping and inspection8.17-8.22, R72-78
Reporting 
Attorney General, by the8.23-8.33, R79
Attorney General, to the8.3-8.14, R67-68
issuing authority, to the8.16, R69-71
Sanctions and remedies 
covert surveillance10.64-10.66, R121
employment surveillance10.68-10.71
overt surveillance10.52-10.63, R112-120
Security and storage 
covert surveillance9.75-9.79, R86
overt surveillance4.54-4.60, R21
Surveillance see also Covert surveillance; Data surveillance; Employment authorisations; Employment surveillance; Media; Overt surveillance 
background1.4-1.7
data protection, and2.41, 2.69-2.72, 3.32-3.40, 3.42, 3.45
definition under proposed Surveillance Act2.37-2.39, R12
employment context, in the2.108-2.113, 3.20-3.28, 3.61-3.70, 4.74-4.79, 7.1-7.68, R15, R16, R57-66
existing regulation 
  common law1.45-1.56
  Commonwealth1.40-1.41
  New South Wales1.36-1.39, 1.57
  other Australian states and territories1.42-1.44
media, by the2.56-2.61
origins1.18-1.24
private homes, in2.51-2.55
telecommunications interception, and2.41, 2.46-2.50
unintentional or recreational2.66, 2.67, 3.4
uses1.25-1.35
Surveillance device2.15-2.17, 2.34-2.36, R1
Tracking devices1.16, 1.21, 1.37, 1.43, 2.1, 2.17, 2.34, 3.4, 5.44, 7.10, 9.9
Use of surveillance information 
covert surveillance9.3-9.18, R81, R82
overt surveillance4.61-4.63
Warrants see also Law enforcement officers 
application for5.74-5.78, R41-43
authorising surveillance5.4, 5.5, R22
contents of5.72, 5.73, R39, R40
electricity, use of5.56, 5.57, R34
emergency warrants5.89-5.92, R47
entry into premises5.39-5.55, R27-32
expiry, retrieval of devices5.84-5.88, R45, R46
factors for grant of5.36-5.38, R26
force, use of5.53-5.55, R33
issuing authority5.28-5.35, R25
offences for which warrants sought5.22-5.27, R24
retrospective5.93-5.94, R48
surveillance devices 
  authorised persons5.58-5.64, R35, R36
  installation and retrieval of5.46, 5.47, R29
  repairing, testing, moving, maintaining and replacing5.49-5.52, R31, R32
  use of several devices, one warrant5.79-5.83, R44
term of5.65-5.71, R38
 
Terms of reference | Participants | Executive summary | Recommendations
Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6
Chapter 7 | Chapter 8 | Chapter 9 | Chapter 10
Appendix A | Appendix B
Table of legislation | Table of cases | Bibliography | Index

Table of contents



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