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Where am I now? Lawlink > Law Reform Commission > Publications > List of Recommendations

Report 87 (1998) - Review of Section 409B of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)

List of Recommendations

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History of this Reference (Digest)

      RECOMMENDATION 1

      Section 409B should be retained.

 
      RECOMMENDATION 2

      Section 409B should be amended to provide as follows:

 
      409B.(1)(a) This section applies to criminal proceedings for a prescribed sexual offence, whether those proceedings are for that offence alone, or together with any other offence (as an additional or alternative count).

      (b) This section applies to all stages of criminal proceedings, including bail, committal, summary hearing, trial, sentencing, and appeal.

      (c) This section applies to an inquiry into a conviction for a prescribed sexual offence under Part 13A of this Act.

      (d) In this section:


        “the accused person”, in relation to any proceedings, means the person charged with a prescribed sexual offence;

        “the complainant”, in relation to any proceedings, means the person, or any of the persons, upon whom a prescribed sexual offence with which the accused person is charged is alleged to have been committed;

        “prescribed sexual offence” means:


          (i) an offence under section 61B, 61C, 61D, 61E, 61I, 61J, 61K, 61L, 61M, 61N, 61O, 65A, 66, 66A, 66B, 66C, 66D, 66F, 73, 74, 78A, 78B, 78H, 78I, 78K, 78L, 78N, 78O, 78Q, 80A, 86, 87, or 89;

          (ii) an offence (such as an offence under section 37 or 112) which includes the commission, or an intention to commit, an offence referred to in paragraph (i); or

          (iii) an offence of attempting, or of conspiracy or incitement, to commit an offence referred to in paragraph (i) or (ii).

 
      (2)(a) In proceedings to which this section applies, evidence relating to the sexual reputation of the complainant is inadmissible.

      (b) Notwithstanding subsection (2)(a), evidence about any sexual experience or sexual activity, or lack of experience or activity, of the complainant shall not be inadmissible merely because it also relates to the sexual reputation of the complainant.

 
      (3)(a) In proceedings to which this section applies, no evidence shall be admitted about any sexual experience or activity of the complainant, or lack of sexual experience or activity, except with leave of the court.

      (b) For the purposes of subsection (3)(a), “sexual experience or activity” includes sexual experience or activity to which the complainant did not consent.

 
      (4) The court shall not grant leave under subsection (3)(a) unless:

      (a) the court is satisfied that the evidence has significant probative value to a fact in issue or to credit; and

      (b) the probative value of the evidence sought to be admitted substantially outweighs the danger of prejudice to the proper administration of justice, taking into account the matters set out in subsection (6); and

      (c) the party seeking to admit the evidence has complied with the requirements in subsection (7).

 
      (5) Evidence of a complainant’s sexual experience or activity is not admissible to support an inference that, by reason only of the fact that the complainant has engaged in sexual activity or has had sexual experience, the complainant:

      (a) is the type of person who is more likely to have consented to the sexual activity that forms the subject-matter of the charge; or

      (b) is less worthy of belief.

 
      (6) In determining whether the probative value of the evidence sought to be admitted substantially outweighs the danger of prejudice to the proper administration of justice under s 409B(4)(b), the court shall take into account the following matters:

      (a) the interests of justice, including the right of the accused to make a full answer and defence;

      (b) the distress, humiliation, or embarrassment which the complainant may suffer as a result of leave being granted;

      (c) the risk that the evidence may unduly arouse discriminatory belief or bias, prejudice, sympathy or hostility in the jury;

      (d) the need to respect the complainant’s personal dignity and privacy;

      (e) whether there is a reasonable prospect that the evidence will assist in arriving at a just determination in the case;

      (f) any other factor which the court considers relevant.

 
      (7) The party seeking leave under subsection (3)(a) must do so by application to the court in writing and must:

      (a) set out:


        (i) the nature of the evidence sought to be adduced; and

        (ii) how the evidence has significant probative value to a fact in issue or to credit;


      (b) give a copy of the application to the other party within such time before the hearing of the application as the court may prescribe or considers to be appropriate in the interests of justice in the particular case.
 
      (8) The court must hear an application to grant leave under subsection (3)(a) in the absence of the jury (if any) and the public.
 
      (9) The complainant is not a compellable witness at the hearing of an application for leave under subsection (3)(a).
 
      (10) At the conclusion of the hearing of an application for leave under subsection (3)(a), the court must make a determination whether or not to grant leave to admit the evidence and must record or cause to be recorded:

      (a) the reasons for that determination;

      (b) where the court grants leave to question the complainant, the nature of the evidence which may be elicited.

 
      (11) Where evidence of a complainant’s sexual experience or activity is admitted at trial under this section, the judge shall give a warning to the jury to the effect that they must not infer, by reason only of the fact that the complainant has engaged in sexual activity or has had sexual experience:

      (a) that the complainant is less worthy of belief;

      (b) where consent is an issue at the trial, that the complainant is the type of person who is more likely to have consented to the sexual activity that forms the subject-matter of the charge.

 

Terms of reference | Participants | List of Recommendations
Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6
Appendix A | Appendix B | Table of Cases | Table of Legislation
Select Bibliography | Index
 
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