Alternative penalties

Commission’s recommendation ... 13.53-13.55, R30
general overview ... 13.44-13.48

Attempt to commit sub judice contempt ... 5.82-5.87

Compensation in contempt cases

civil action for damages at common law ... 13.83-13.86, 14.2
statutory provisions ... 14.2
see also Costs in Criminal Cases Amendment Bill 1997 (NSW)

civil and criminal contempt distinguished ... 1.9
definition ... 1.8

definition ... 1.10, 1.11

see Recording contempt convictions

see Media, Fines

amount of costs ... 14.64, 14.74
Attorney General
application by ... 14.33
certificate of costs ... 14.44, 14.49, 14.66
background ... 1.3-1.7
civil jury proceedings ... 14.52
conditions for costs order ... 14.30, 14.46, 14.64, 14.72, 14.73
discontinuance of proceedings ... 14.51, 14.61
discrimination against the media ... 14.37, 14.41, 14.64
guidelines for courts in making costs orders ... 14.48, 14.62, 14.63, 14.71
power to order compensation, arguments against ... 14.6
power to order compensation, arguments in favour ... 14.5
power to order compensation, Commission’s position ... 14.18-14.29, R34
procedure ... 14.32, 14.50, 14.75
publications that attract costs orders ... 14.31, 14.39, 14.60, 14.64
standing of private individuals to apply for costs order ... 14.54
Supreme Court ... 14.32
test for ordering costs ... 14.47, 14.58, 14.68
time of application for costs ... 14.34, 14.38
types of recoverable costs ... 14.32, 14.40, 14.53. 14.55, 14.59, 14.64, 14.69, 14.70

see Compensation in contempt cases

see also Disclosure of defence; Fair and accurate reporting principle; Innocent publication; Public interest; Public safety and Reporting of legal proceedings

contempt ... 1.8
contempt by publication ... 1.10, 1.12
sub judice contempt ... 1.10-1.12
see also Liablity for sub judice contempt

Fair and accurate reporting principle

Commission’s position ... 9.11-9.23
general overview ... 9.1-9.3
recommendations of other law reform agencies ... 9.7-9.10
uncertainties in the law ... 9.4-9.6
see also Reporting legal proceedings

see Mens rea

Commission’s recommendation ... 13.19-13.21, R28
distinguishing between individual and corporate
offenders ... 13.17, 13.18
factors relevant to determination ... 13.6
general overview ... 13.3-13.5
maximum amount ... 13.7-13.16

relationship with fair trial ... 2.2, 2.16, 2.5-2.8

see Time limits

Commission’s recommendation ... 13.43, R28
establishing upper limit ... 13.32-13.42
general overview ... 13.22-13.31

on parties ... 4.67, 6.3, 6.22-6.52, R10

see Private Individuals

application by
Director of Public Prosecutions ... 13.79-13.82, R33
private individuals ... 13.73-13.78, R32
general overview ... 13.67-13.72

general overview ... 5.17-5.20
persons responsible for content ... 5.21-5.37, R4
persons with no editorial control of content ... 5.38-5.62, R5

by Attorney General ... 12.6-12.8
by court of its own accord ... 12.42-12.50
by Director of Public Prosecutions ... 12.9-12.21
by private individuals ... 12.22-12.41, R26

see Mens rea

see also Mens rea

Judges

see Judicial officers

influence of prejudicial publications on ... 4.38, 6.2, 6.7, 7.53, 7.52, 7.58, 7.62

Juries

discharge of
admissibility in contempt proceedings ... 4.46-4.54, R3
relevance in determining liability ... 4.47
influence of prejudicial publications in civil proceedings
generally ... 6.3, 6.8, 6.9
in defamation proceedings ... 6.11, 6.12, 6.20
Commission’s recommendation ... 6.17-6.20, R9, R10
influence of prejudicial publications in criminal proceedings ... 4.27-4.30, R2
media’s effect on (empirical research) ... 2.31-2.47

relevant factors
availability of remedial measures ... 4.61-4.63
discharge of jury ... 4.46-4.54, R3
expert evidence ... 4.64-4.66
likelihood of the publication coming to the attention of the participants ... 4.27-4.30
pre-existing publicity ... 4.55-4.59, R4
persons liable
broadcasters ... 3.18
distributors ... 3.22
editors ... 3.19
media proprietors ... 3.17
private individuals ... 3.24
reporters ... 3.20
television licensees ... 3.21
vendors of printed material ... 3.23
published matter giving rise to ... 2.26, 4.40-4.45
tests
substantial risk test ... 4.10-4.14
tendency test ... 4.6-4.9
revised test: the Commission’s recommendation ... 4.18-4.26, R2

see Judicial officers

and the courts ... 15.1-15.22, R36-39
commercial nature of media publishing ... 2.25
corporate criminal liability ... 5.71-5.76, 13.56
liability of persons involved with prejudicial publications
broadcasters ... 3.18
distributors ... 3.22
editors ... 3.19
proprietors ... 3.17
reporters ... 3.20
television licensees ... 3.21
vendors of printed material ... 3.23
nature of liability: vicarious or primary ... 3.32, 3.33, 5.68-5.70

absolute and strict liability ... 5.4, 5.5, 10.8
see also Innocent publication
intention to interfere with the administration of justice
actual intention ... 5.1, 5.11, 5.12, 5.77-5.81
generally ... 5.1-5.3
fault (proposed requirement) ... 5.6-5.9
intention to publish ... 5.1
negligence ... 5.13-5.16
recklessness ... 5.11, 5.12

Commission’s position ... 12.74-12.79
criminal procedure as an alternative to summary
procedure ... 12.62-12.69
summary procedure
advantages ... 12.70-12.73
overview ... 12.61

access to court documents ... 11.3-11.43, 11.59-11.70
affidavits and witnesses’ statements ... 11.47, 11.71, R23
charge-sheet ... 11.76, 11.77, R23
court file ... 11.46, 11.71
ERISP and videotapes ... 11.27, 11.29, 11.30, 11.33, 11.44, 11.56, 11.81
hand-up brief ... 11.56-11.58, 11.71
judgments and orders ... 11.71, R23
pleadings ... 11.45, 11.65-11.69, 11.71, R23
statement of facts ... 11.55, 11.71
written submissions ... R23, 11.27, 11.29, 11.30, 11.33, 11.44, 11.56, 11.71, 11.81, 11.83
bail proceedings ... . 11.71, 11.73
committal proceedings ... 11.48-11.54, 11.56-11.58, 11.71, 11.73
coronial proceedings ... 11.71, 11.73-11.75
see also Fair and accurate reporting principle; Reporting legal proceedings

see Alternative penalties; Fines; Imprisonment

see Media
see also Private individuals

Prejudgment principle ... 6.3, 6.4, 6.53-6.64, R11

Primary liability ... 5.68-5.70, 3.32, 3.33

Private individuals

instigation of sub judice contempt proceedings ... 12.22-12.41, R26
responsibility for sub judice contempt ... 3.24

see Appeal proceedings for sub judice contempt decisions; Instigation of sub judice contempt proceedings; Jurisdiction to try sub judice contempt proceedings; Mode of trial; Time limits

case law ... 8.6-8.24
Commission’s final recommendation ... 8.44-8.52, R20
Commission’s original proposal ... 8.31-8.34
general overview ... 8.1-8.5
operation and reform proposals in other jurisdictions ... 8.25, 8.26
recommendations of other law reform agencies ... 8.27-8.30

Commission’s proposal ... 8.56-8.65, R21
overview ... 2.23, 8.53-8.55

meaning of ... 3.3-3.7, 3.11
time and place of ... 3.8-3.11
see also Time limits, Responsibility for publication

examples ... 2.26
legislative list ... 4.40-4.45

Commission’s recommendation ... 13.61-13.66, R31
general overview ... 13.57-13.60

common law approach ... 3.12
Commission’s legislative proposal ... 3.13-3.15
Commission’s final position ... 3.28-3.31
see also Persons liable for sub judice contempt

access to court documents
see Open justice principle
fair and accurate reporting:
see Fair and accurate reporting principle
open justice
see Open justice principle
reporting on court documents ... 11.36, 11.37, 11.85, R25

see Penalties

appeal proceedings ... 12.80-12.84, R27
attempt to commit ... 5.82-5.87
definition ... 1.10-1.12
see also Liability for sub judice contempt
instigation of proceedings ... 12.6-12.50
intentional ... 5.77-5.81
jurisdiction to try proceedings ... 12.54-12.60
mode of trial ... 12.61-12.79

binding effect on non-parties ... 10.4
existing statutory provisions ... 10.10-10.14
interim suppression orders ... 10.25-10.27
material to which suppression orders apply ... 10.30
mens rea requirement for breach of suppression order ... 10.5-10.9, 10.28, 10.29
standing ... 10.21-10.24
test for making suppression orders ... 10.15-10.20

Time limits

end point
criminal proceedings ... 7.46-7.71, R17
civil and coronial proceedings ... 7.72, 7.73, R18
extradition and return to jurisdiction ... 7.28-7.31, R14
general overview ... 2.20, 7.1-7.4
imminent proceedings ... 7.5-7.11, R12
intentional contempt ... 7.74-7.76, R19
starting point
criminal proceedings ... 7.12-7.27, R13
civil and coronial proceedings ... 7.32-7.43, R15
influence on prospective parties to proceedings (civil and criminal) ... 7.44, 7.45, R16

see Mode of trial

Witnesses

influence of prejudicial publications on ... 4.31-4.37, 6.3, 6.6