References are to paragraph numbers

Aboriginal
adoption and the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People	9.93-9.94
adoption and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child	9.89-9.92
adoptive parents, finding	9.60-9.61
Child Placement Principle	9.37-9.51
Child Placement Principle, forms of	9.43
child, definition of	9.15-9.33
children, identifying	9.35-9.36
children, reasons for affording separate treatment in legislation	9.1
customary law and adoption	9.9-9.14
customary law, recognition of	9.39
customary marriage	6.106
definition of, judicial consideration	9.24-9.25
definition of, relevance of acceptance by community	9.21-9.22
definition of, three-pronged	9.16-9.17
definitions of in legislation other than adoption	9.23-9.24
“descent” definition, difficulties with	9.30-9.33
“descent” definition, support for	9.28-9.29
historical application of child welfare policies	9.2-9.8
identifying as an Aborigine	9.19-9.20
involvement of, after consent	9.56-9.59
involvement of, before consent	9.52-9.55
involvement of, in adoption process	9.52-9.59
law, exclusive jurisdiction	9.38
order of priorities for placement	9.44-9.49
.
Accreditation of non-government organisations see Intercountry adoption
.
Adoption, support for	2.2-2.4
.
Adoption Information Act 1990 (NSW)	3.85, 7.3, 7.64, 8.74, 10.196
.
Adoptive parents see also Adoptive parents, selection of; Education of applicants; Counselling
Aboriginal, finding	9.60-9.61
meeting birth parents	7.92-7.94
recruitment of, for special needs children	4.136-4.138, 4.140, 10.73
.
Adoptive parents, selection of see also Adoptive parents; Education of applicants
Aboriginal customary marriage	6.106
adoptive family, marginalisation of	6.65-6.66, 6.68, 6.111, 6.117
age	6.8, 6.15, 6.23-6.24, 6.69-6.92
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW)	6.31-6.36
appeals and review	3.116-3.119
application to adopt more than one child	10.217
assessment for particular child	6.132-6.134, 10.205-10.207
birth parent’s wishes	5.14, 5.16, 5.150-5.154, 6.93-6.96
birth parents, role of, in selection process	6.23, 6.93, 7.88-7.91
character	6.10
child’s wishes	6.93-6.96
consideration of existing children in family	6. 99-6.103, 10.239-10.240
cultural heritage	6.14, 6.64, 6.67, 10.215-10.216, 10.241-10.242
de facto couple	6.105, 6.108, 6.110-6.112, 6.119, 6.121-6.122
education levels	6.12
eligibility requirements in Adoption of Children Act 1965 (NSW)	6.5-6.13, 6.69-6.70, 6.97, 6.104-6.108
eligibility requirements of New South Wales Departmentof Community Services	6.5-6.14, 6.51, 6.71, 6.97, 6.99, 6.108
eligibility requirements of private adoption agencies	6.15-6.16
full-time carer	6.16, 6.24, 6.37-6.50
health	6.13, 6.23, 6.97-6.98
home study	10.30
immigrant applicants	10.241-10.249
in intercountry adoption	10.30, 10.74-10.75, 10.204-10.217
infertility	6.15, 6.51-6.58
interaction with discrimination legislation	6.28-6.36
legislation and agencies, division between roles of	6.27, 6.126-6.131
maintaining continuity in child’s life	6.65-6.67
marital status	6.9, 6.104-6.123
numbers of applicants	6.87-6.89, 6.141-6.143, 6.146-6.148
pools	6.135-6.143, 6.148
pregnancy	6.99-6.103
religion	6.11, 6.15, 6.59-6.63
selection process	6.17-6.21, 6.23, 6.25, 6.124-6.125
sexual orientation	6.22, 6.25, 6.109-6.122
single applicant	6.107, 6.110-6.112, 6.119, 6.121-6.123
“slotting”	6. 102-6.103
special needs children	6.20, 6.84-6.86, 6.103, 6.105, 10.205-10.207
Statement of Requests	5.14, 5.23, 5.151
.
Adults, adoption of
agency, approval and support of,	4.12, 4.22
consent	4.6, 4.22, 5.117
current law and practice	4.3-4.7
legislation in other States	4.13-4.16
marital status	4.21
motivation	4.8
order for adoption	4.17-4.21
parenting after “child” has turned eighteen	4.10-4.11, 4.19-4.20

Age of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) see also Adoptive parents, selection of
and adoption laws	6.31-6.36
.
Appeals and review see also Department of Community Services; New South Wales, Private adoption agencies
approvals of private adoption agencies	3.120-3.121
current law and practice	3.115, 3.128-3.131
selection of adoptive parents	3.116-3.119
use of administrative tribunals	3.123-3.125, 3.131
.
Best interests see also Guiding principles
as compared with “welfare and interests”	2.7-2.9
principle of, being paramount consideration	2.6
statutory guidance as to meaning	2.10-2.12
.
Birth certificate
Adoption Information Act 1990 (NSW)	7.64
amended certificate	7.62-7.63
criticisms of current form	7.71, 7.76
current law	7.62-7.68
nature of	7.78-7.79
options to promote openness	7.69-7.77, 7.80-7.82
original certificate	7.64
privacy	7.65, 7.73-7.74, 7.77
where adoptive parent dies before adoption order made	7.83-7.85
.
Birth parent see also Consent; Counselling
access to child	5.53, 5.60-5.61, 5.71
experiences with open adoption	7.19-7.22, 7.98
in intercountry adoptions	5.162, 10.43, 10.121, 10.133-10.134, 10.138
involvement in placement breakdown	7.56-7.61
meeting adoptive parents	7.92-7.94
participation in adoption process	5.150-5.162, 6.23, 7.88-7.91
understanding of the adoption	7.101-7.102
wishes in relation to selection of adoptive parents	5.14, 5.16, 5.150-5.157, 5.159-5.161, 6.93-6.96
.
Character of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Charitable organisations see Private adoption agencies
.
Child see also Independent representation of the child; Consent
name change	2.33, 5.119, 5.123, 5.127-5.129, 10.231-10.237
participation in adoption process	5.119
relevance of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to	10.94-10.95
telling child of adoptive status	7.49-7.55
views and wishes of in intercountry adoption	10.135-10.136
views and wishes of, generally	3.72-3.79, 5.128
wishes in relation to selection of adoptive parents	6.22, 6.93-6.96
.
Children in care, adoption of
appropriateness of adoption	4.101, 4.106, 4.111-4.112, 4.114
approval and support of agency in	4.107-4.110, 4.113, 4.115
consent	4.105, 4.108, 4.116-4.118, 5.19-5.20, 5.50, 5.104
current law and practice	4.102-4.105
definition	4.97-4.99
.
Consent
birth father	5.87-5.114
birth father, notice to	5.92-5.93, 5.96, 5.98-5.102, 5.108
birth father, problems associated with notifying	5.106, 5.111-5.114
birth parent’s wishes	5.14-5.16, 5.150-5.157, 5.159-5.162
common household	5.87-5.89
counselling	5.32, 5.43-5.45, 5.54-5.55, 5.59, 5.64, 5.66-5.67, 5.69, 5.125, 5.127, 5.159
dispensing with consent	5.106, 5.108-5.109, 5.130-5.149
ex-nuptial child	5.87-5.89
fitness of mind	5.33-5.34, 5.45, 5.55
for adoption of ward	5.50
form of	5.13-5.25, 5.46, 5.119, 5.126, 5.151, 5.155
general consent	5.13, 5.17-5.19, 5.150, 5.158
Hague Convention	10.104, 10.133-10.137
in applications by foster carers	4.105, 4.116-4.118
in applications by private carers	4.123
in applications for adoption of Aboriginal children	9.52-9.55
in applications for adoption of adults	4.6
in applications for adoption of Torres Strait Islander children	9.78
in intercountry adoptions	10.67
independent counsellor	5.43-5.50
informed consent	5.32-5.35, 5.45, 5.65-5.66, 5.72-5.83, 5.126-5.127
name change	5.119, 5.127, 5.129
non-citizen child	5.50, 10.135-10.137
of adult adoptee	5.117
of child aged 12 years or older	4.104-4.105, 5.115-5.129
revocation	5.51-5.71
specific consent	5.21, 5.115, 5.158
Statement of Requests	5.14-5.15, 5.23, 5.128, 5.151, 5.161, 7.58
timing	5.4-5.12, 5.126
video taping	5.84-5.86
where child conceived through sexual assault or incest	5.142
witness’s certification	5.27-5.29, 5.36, 5.40-5.43, 5.45, 5.83, 5.118
witnessing consent	5.26-5.50, 5.126
witnessing consent, category of witness	5.26, 5.36-5.39, 5.49-5.50
written information, provision of	5.72-5.83, 9.55, 9.78
.
Counselling see also Education of applicants
in adoptions of Aboriginal children	9.54-9.55
in adoptions of Torres Strait Islander children	9.78
in intercountry adoptions	10.218
of birth parents	5.32, 5.54-5.55, 5.64, 5.159
of child	3.74, 3.78-3.79, 5.125, 5.127
.
Cultural heritage see also Aboriginal; Torres Strait Islander; Adoptive parents, selection of
arguments against need for cultural continuity	8.55-8.68
arguments in favour of cultural continuity	8.69-8.80
best interests	8.5, 8.67, 8.88
breakdown in placement	8.79-8.80, 10.40-10.41
continuity in child’s upbringing and background	8.5
culture shock	8.38-8.39
definition of	8.17, 8.20-8.22, 8.61-8.62
ethnic heritage compared with cultural heritage	8.4, 8.15, 8.20
ethnic heritage, definition of	8.15, 8.19
identity formation	8.28-8.29, 8.32
in adoption reviews	8.45-8.51
intercountry adoption and	10.39-10.41, 10.78
language issues	8.76-8.78
legislation	8.54
membership of extended family	8.78
mixed race	8.17-8.18
multiculturalism	8.66-8.67
of babies	8.57-8.60
of children in Third World countries and institutions	8.55-8.56
openness and	8.74-8.75, 10.39, 10.42-10.43
Placement Principle	8.86-8.88
practices of adoption agencies	8.43-8.44
priorities in placement of child	8.63-8.64, 8.68, 8.86, 8.87
racial heritage compared with cultural heritage	8.4, 8.10-8.18
racial heritage, definition of	8.9
racism	8.65, 8.69-8.73
successful cross-cultural adoptions	8.27, 8.31
transience of adjustment problems	8.40
United Nations view of	8.42
value given to, in other countries and cultures	8.52-8.53
value of, Australian research	8.26-8.40
value of, conclusion	8.81-8.85
value of, overseas research	8.30-8.40
value of, research methods	8.25
.
De facto applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Department of Community Services, New South Wales
allocations in intercountry adoptions	10.144-10.145, 10.204
appeals and review	3.129
approval of applicants in intercountry adoptions	10.246, 10.248-10.249
approval of independent counsellor	5.47-5.48
approval of organisation to carry out intercountry adoptions	10.182-10.184
as an adoption agency	3.4, 3.10
current practice of, in notifying birth father	5.111-5.113
Director-General’s report to the Court	3.19
Director-General’s guardianship of child	3.11, 3.13-3.14
Director-General’s guardianship of non-citizen child	3.16-3.17, 10.273
discharge of adoption orders	3.80, 3.81
home study	10.30, 10.154, 10.207
meeting birth parent’s wishes	5.14, 5.151-5.152, 5.156-5.157,5.159-5.160, 7.59
meeting child’s wishes	5.128, 5.156
parent support groups and	10.139, 10.142, 10.144, 10.154-10.157
placement of Aboriginal children and	9.58-9.59
post-placement reports in intercountry adoptions	10.219, 10.221
private adoption agencies, licensing of	3.4-3.5, 3.9, 3.120-3.121
revocation of consent	5.52
role before adoption order is made	3.11, 3.18, 3.21
role in intercountry adoptions, generally	10.25, 10.139, 10.142, 10.166-10.180,10.189-10.190, 10.194-10.198
selection of adoptive parents	3.116-3.118, 6.5-6.14, 6.16
supervision of accredited intercountry adoption agency	10.186
witnessing consent	5.26
written information provided to consent-givers	5.73-5.79
.
Director-General see Department of Community Services, New South Wales
.
Discharge of order for adoption see Order for adoption

.

Donor reproduction technology see also Embryo donation
access to information	11.57-11.61
Artificial Conception Act 1984 (NSW)	11.54, 11.72
best interests of child	11.56
Children (Equality of Status) Act 1976 (NSW)	11.12
declaration of maternity	11.12
definition	11.49-11.50
difficulty in applying adoption legislation	11.55-11.56, 11.64-11.67
Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)	11.13, 11.73
legal presumptions as to parentage	11.53-11.54
relevance to adoption legislation	11.51
specialised legislation	11.57-11.58, 11.60-11.62, 11.68, 11.70
Status of Children Act 1996 (NSW)	11.13-11.14, 11.54, 11.73
.
Education of applicants see also Adoptive parents, selection of; Counselling; adoptive parents
generally	6.145-6.153
preparation for intercountry adoptions	10.199-10.203
special needs children	10.201
.
Embryo donation see also Donor reproduction technology
access to information	11.81
appropriateness of adoption legislation as regulatory framework	11.74-11.81
Children (Equality of Status) Act 1976 (NSW)	11.12
declaration of maternity	11.12
Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)	11.13, 11.73
legal presumptions as to parentage	11.12, 11.72-11.73
Status of Children Act 1996 (NSW)	11.13-11.14, 11.73
.
Ethnic heritage see Cultural heritage
.
Family Court of Australia
jurisdiction	3.97
leave to commence step-parent adoption proceedings	3.105-3.108, 4.30-4.33
.
Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) see also Family Court of Australia; Surrogacy; Donor reproduction technology; Embryo donation
and Torres Strait Islander children	9.85
definition of Aboriginal peoples	9.23
parental responsibility	5.95
parenting orders	5.96, 5.109, 5.114
step-parent adoptions	3.105-3.108, 4.30-4.33
.
Foster care, adoption of child in see Children in care, adoption of
.
Full-time carer see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Guiding principles
adoption service to children not service to adults	2.27
best interests of child paramount consideration	2.6-2.12
no right to adopt child	2.27
respect for child’s viewpoint	2.22, 2.28-2.32, 3.72-3.77
.
Hague Convention on Protection of Children and International
Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption
adoption information	10.112, 10.195
automatic recognition of overseas adoption orders	10.110-10.111, 10.224, 10.247- 10.249
Central Authorities and accredited bodies	10.107-10.109, 10.131, 10.165, 10.174-10.176, 10.184-10.188
collecting the adoptee	10.210
consent	10.104, 10.133-10.137
contact between birth parents and applicants	10.138
improper financial gain	10.117-10.118, 10.121, 10.125-10.128, 10.131, 10.138
private adoptions	10.176-10.177
reasons for	10.97
requirements for intercountry adoptions	10.101-10.106
role of intercountry adoption	10.76, 10.101-10.103
scope of	10.98-10.99
significance for New South Wales	2.21-2.22, 10.113-10.115
trafficking in children	10.132-10.138
.
Health of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946 (Cth)	3.16, 10.273
.
Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Department of
access to reports	10.266
adjustment of adoptee	10.270
appeal procedure	10.259-10.260
citizenship of child	10.274-10.275
guardianship of non-citizen child	10.273
health clearance for child, procedure for obtaining	10.257-10.258
health criteria	10.255-10.256
health criteria, criticisms of	10.261-10.267
Immigration Review Tribunal	10.259-10.260
International Health Clearance	10.257-10.260, 10.266, 10.271-10.272
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) and Migration Regulations 1994	10.250, 10.252-10.255
Migration Internal Review Office	10.259
Migration Officer	10.255, 10.257-10.259, 10.272
Minister’s discretion	10.256
role of, in policing standards in intercountry adoption	10.66, 10.244, 10.268-10.269
Teoh’s case	10.252
visa application procedure, criticisms of	10.271-10.272
visa, primary eligibility criteria for grant of	10.254
visa, requirement in intercountry adoptions	10.32, 10.245-10.246, 10.254
.
Independent counsellor see Consent
.
Independent representation of the child
child’s legal representative	3.55-3.60, 3.65-3.67
current law and practice	3.46-3.50
discretionary appointment of	3.59-3.60
forms of	3.45
guardian ad litem	3.54-3.64
presence at proceedings granting adoption order	3.70-3.71
separate party status of child in proceedings	3.68-3.69
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child	3.49-3.50
.
Independent review of adoption placements
current law and practice	3.21-3.22
preliminary hearing	3.23, 3.25-3.32, 3.34-3.42
preliminary hearing in adoption of Aboriginal child	9.50
preliminary hearing in adoption of Torres Strait Islander child	9.74
.
Infertility of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Intercountry adoption see also Department of Community Services, New South Wales; Cultural heritage; United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; Hague Convention on Protection of Children and International Co-Operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption; Parent support groups
accreditation of non-government organisations	10.165-10.175, 10.181-10.191
accredited body	10.131
adopting children from deprived and abusive backgrounds	10.54-10.57
adoption information	10.192-10.198
agents	10.122-10.123, 10.149-10.153
allocation of child	10.31
application by immigrant	10.241-10.249
arguments supporting	10.76-10.83
as form of aid	10.44-10.46, 10.79-10.80, 10.263-10.264
assessment of applicants	10.204-10.217
birth name of child	10.231-10.238
birth parent’s wishes	5.162
birth parents, payments to	10.121
collecting the adoptee	10.208-10.214
consent	10.67, 10.133-10.138
contact between birth parents and applicants	10.138
controversial aspects of	10.39-10.75
costs of sending country	10.124-10.125
counselling	10.218
creating conditions for abandonment	10.68-10.71
creating conditions for trafficking in children	10.58-10.66
creating conditions to discourage local adoptions	10.72
current legislation applicable to	10.21-10.24
current practices, evaluation of	10.116-10.241
current procedure for	10.25-10.34, 10.201, 10.219
discrimination in the birth country	10.47-10.53
donations	10.128-10.138
financial aspects	10.117-10.138
history of	10.15-10.20
immigration requirements	10.32
matching	10.74-10.75
multiple placement	10.238-10.240
older-aged children, of	10.229-10.230
order for adoption	10.34, 10.275
post-placement report	10.33-10.34, 10.219-10.221
preparation of applicants	10.199-10.203
recognition of foreign adoption order	10.222-10.228
role of, as option for care	10.37-10.38, 10.80-10.82
what constitutes “improper financial gain”	10.119-10.127

.

Jurisdiction see also Supreme Court of New South Wales; Family Court of Australia
appropriate court	3.113-3.114
State-Federal issues	3.97-3.108
whether court or tribunal most appropriate	3.110-3.112
.
Language, style in legislation	2.24-2.25, 3.84
.
Legal responsibility for child before adoption order is made see also Department of Community Services, New South Wales
intercountry adoptions	3.16-3.19, 10.273
local adoptions	3.11-3.15
.
Marital status of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Name, adoptive see also Child	2.33-2.34, 10.231-10.238
.
Offences see also Surrogacy; Private placement
exclusion for step-parent and relative adoptions	4.28
generally	3.86-3.89
private placement	4.122
.
Openness see also Birth parents, Birth certificates
Adoption Act 1994 (WA)	7.28-7.35
Adoption Information Act 1990 (NSW)	3.85, 7.3, 7.64
birth parents’ understanding of the adoption	7.101-7.102
birth parents, role in selection of adoptive parents	7.88-7.91
birth parents, role where placement breaks down	7.56-7.61
current practice	7.8-7.13
definition	7.4-7.7
difficulties experienced with	7.19-7.24, 7.98
in intercountry adoption	7.104, 10.42-10.43, 10.93, 10.112, 10.192-10.198
legislative scheme of agreements	7.39-7.48
legislative support for	7.14-7.16, 7.25, 7.27-7.48
meeting between adoptive parents and birth parents	7.92-7.94
models for open adoption agreements from other jurisdictions	7.36-7.38
post-adoption services	7.95-7.100
practices to facilitate	7.86, 7.88-7.100
relevance to cultural heritage	8.74
resolving conflict between birth and adoptive families	7.25, 7.99
secrecy in adoption	2.16-2.20
suitability of adoptive parents	6.96
telling adoptees of adoptive status	7.49-7.55
.
Order for adoption
automatic recognition of foreign orders	3.17, 10.110-10.111, 10.224-10.228, 10.247-10.249
Court to be satisfied of certain matters before making	2.13, 6.21
discharge of	3.80-3.83
in intercountry adoptions	10.34, 10.275
language used in legislation	2.24-2.25
legal effect of	2.23-2.26
of adult	4.17-4.21
recognition of foreign orders	10.222
registration under Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1995 (NSW)	7.62, 7.65
relevance of religious issues to making of	6.59
revocation of consent	5.51-5.68
.
Overseas, adoption of children from see Intercountry adoption
.
Parent support groups
agents	10.122-10.123, 10.149-10.153
costs of	10.126-10.127
current role	10.27-10.29
current role, evaluation of	10.155-10.160
donations	10.128-10.138
Hague Convention	10.109
home study	10.154
overview	10.139-10.143
record-keeping	10.148
role of, in allocations	10.144-10.147
role of, recommended	10.161-10.163
.
Participation in adoption process see Birth parent, Child; Pregnancy of applicant see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Preliminary hearing see Independent review of adoption placements
.
Private adoption agencies see also Department of Community Services, New South Wales
currently existing in New South Wales	3.4
guardianship of child	3.15
licensing of	3.8-3.10, 3.120-3.121
notice to birth father	5.113
regulation of standards of practice for	3.5-3.10
satisfying birth parent’s wishes	5.14, 5.151-5.152
satisfying child’s wishes	5.128
selection of adoptive parents by	3.116, 3.119, 6.14-6.16
.
Private placement see also Surrogacy
agency support	4.123-4.124, 4.127-4.131
and intercountry adoption	10.59-10.62
appropriateness of adoption	4.88, 4.129, 4.132
child in care of relative	4.99
consent	4.123, 4.133, 5.21
current law and practice	4.122-4.124
definition	4.119
offences	4.122
offences, exclusion of step-parent and relative adoptions	4.28
.
Public regulation of adoption	2.14-2.15, 4.125-127, 10.59, 10.87, 10.91, 10.164-10.165, 10.174-10.175
.
Racial heritage see Cultural heritage
.
Relative, adoption by see also Step-parent, adoption by
alternative orders	4.87
appropriateness of adoption	4.36-4.37, 4.40-4.41, 4.44, 4.56, 4.59-4.66, 4.79-4.88
benefits of agency support	4.93-4.96
birth parent’s wishes	5.14
Children (Care and Protection) Act 1987 (NSW)	4.99
consent	5.18
current law and practice	4.27-4.29
definition	4.24, 4.99
legislation in other States	4.46-4.55
motivation	4.81
process of applying for order	4.91-4.96
.
Religion of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
disclosure of contents of Report	3.95
home study	10.30, 10.154, 10.207
in application by foster carers	4.102, 4.115
in application by private carers	4.123
in application by step-parents and relatives	4.29
in intercountry adoptions, post-placement	10.33, 10.219-10.221
in intercountry adoptions, pre-placement	10.194, 10.196
of agency as to locating birth father	5.147
of Director- General to the Court	3.19
of International Health Clearance in intercountry adoptions	10.257, 10.266
of independent counsellor	5.43-5.50
of Migration Officer in intercountry adoptions	10.257
.
Secrecy see Openness, Birth certificate
.
Sexual orientation of applicants see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Single applicant see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Slotting see Adoptive parents, selection of
.
Special needs, adoption of children with see also Adoptive parents, selection of
assessment criteria for applicants	4.135-4.137, 4.140
birth parent’s wishes	5.160
current law and practice	4.135-4.136, 6.105
de facto applicants	6.105
definition	4.134
financial assistance	4.135, 4.139
from overseas	10.40, 10.54-10.57, 10.205-10.207
placement in family with existing child	6.103
recruitment of adoptive parents	4.136-4.138, 4.140, 10.73
selection of adoptive parents	6.20, 6.84-6.86
.
Step-parent, adoption by see also Relative, adoption by
agency, approval and support of	4.27, 4.93-4.96
alternative orders	4.87
appropriateness of adoption	4.36-4.37, 4.39, 4.41, 4.44, 4.56, 4.58-4.78, 4.86- 4.88
birth family, exclusion of	4.67-4.78
birth parent’s wishes	5.14
consent	5.18, 5.91
current law and practice	4.27-4.35
definition	4.23
joint application	4.34, 4.38, 4.42-4.46, 4.89-4.90
leave of Family Court to commence proceedings	4.30-4.33
legislation in other States	4.46-4.51
motivation	4.57
process of applying for order	4.91-4.96
.
Supreme Court of New South Wales see also Independent representation of the child; Independent review of adoption placements; Jurisdiction
closed Court	3.90-3.94
consideration of religious issues	6.59
Court to be satisfied of certain matters before making adoption order	2.13, 6.21
declaration of validity of overseas adoption order	10.275
discharge of adoption order	3.82-3.83
discretion in applying Aboriginal Child Placement Principle	9.49-9.51
discretion in applying Cultural Heritage Placement Principle	8.88
discretion in applying Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle	9.75-9.77
dispensing with consent	5.106, 5.108, 5.130-5.149
role of in adoption	3.24, 3.28, 3.33
rules of evidence	3.96
single applicant to adopt	6.107

.

Surrogacy see also Private placement
access to information	11.3, 11.8, 11.30, 11.44
Artificial Conception Act 1984 (NSW)	11.11
best interests of child	11.42, 11.46-11.47
Children (Equality of Status) Act 1976 (NSW)	11.12-11.13
criteria to assess appropriateness of adoption	11.25-11.27, 11.44
current law and practice	11.7-11.24
declaration of maternity	11.12
definition	4.120, 11.4-11.5
Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)	11.13, 11.15
offences, judicial attitudes to	11.36-11.39
legal presumptions as to parentage	11.11-11.15
offences	11.18-11.21, 11.46-11.48
parenting orders as alternative to adoption	11.23-11.24
private arrangements for adoption	11.19, 11.31, 11.33, 11.43, 11.47
relevance to adoption legislation	11.3, 11.6
Status of Children Act 1996 (NSW)	11.13-11.14
.
Torres Strait Islander
adoption and the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People	9.93-9.94
adoption and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child	9.89-9.92
Child Placement Principle	9.71-9.77
child, definition of	9.68-9.70
children, reasons for affording separate treatment in legislation	9.64-9.65
customary law and adoption	9.66-9.67
involvement of, in adoption process before consent	9.78
involvement of, in adoption process after consent	9.79
legal recognition of customary adoption	9.80-9.87
order of priorities for placement	9.73-9.77
.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
adoption information, right to	10.93, 10.195-10.196
best interests of child	2.6, 2.8, 10.85-10.91
child’s background, continuity in	6.60, 8.3
child’s ethnic, cultural and linguistic background	8.3, 8.42, 9.91, 10.95
child’s religious background	6.60, 8.3, 9.91, 10.95
description	10.84
identity, right to preserve	10.95, 10.231
improper financial gain	10.90, 10.117-10.119, 10.125
independent representation of child	3.49-3.50
indigenous children	9.89-9.90
intercountry adoption standards	10.89, 10.203
intercountry adoption to be conducted by competent authorities	10.86, 10.91
intercountry adoption, role of	10.76, 10.87-10.88, 10.93, 10.95
parents, right to know and be cared for by	10.93
parents, rights of	9.92
significance for adoption in New South Wales	2.21-2.22
trafficking in children	10.92
.
Ward, adoption of see Children in care, adoption of

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